Calcium hydroxide (CH) is widely used as an intracanal medicament between appointments to increase the number of canals free from bacteria. However, the remnant CH hinders the penetration of disinfectants and sealers into dentinal tubules and compromises the seal of the canal filling. Therefore, residual CH must be removed before permanent root canal obturation is completed. To analyze the efficacy of XP-endo finisher on the removal of CH medicament from root canal system. English language articles were retrieved from electronic biomedical journal databases. PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used to complete the search for all full-text articles available. The search was done till August 31, 2018. The last data search was conducted on September 1, 2018. All articles that were published in English were included. Only those articles that were published between January 1, 2011, and August 31, 2018, using XP-endo finisher were selected. The efficacy of XP-endo finisher on removal of CH medicament from root canal system. Total of 17 articles was identified through electronic database searching. After duplicate removal, and full-text reading, six articles qualified for qualitative synthesis in this systematic review. XP-endo finisher is proven to be more efficient in removing the CH medicament from root canal system.

The surface topography of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files, after being exposed to a specific number of sterilization cycles in an autoclave, can cause surface changes in the file. Hence, the use of AFM and scanning electron microscopy would help to shed some light on the delicate balance between the action of steam sterilization and its reaction, in terms of topographical changes on the surface of the instrument, which could have implications in its clinical use. To analyze the effect of autoclave cycles on the surface topography of endodontic Ni-Ti rotary files. English-language articles were retrieved from electronic biomedical journal databases. PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used to complete the search for all full-text articles available. The search was done till September 30, 2018. The last data search was conducted on September 30, 2018. All articles that were published in English were included. Only those articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 2018, comparing the effect of autoclaving cycles on the surface roughness of Ni-Ti rotary files, were included. Autoclave cycles. A total of 62 articles were identified through electronic database searching. After duplicate removal, and full-text reading, six articles qualified for qualitative synthesis in this systematic review. Autoclave sterilization causes an increase in the surface roughness of Ni-Ti files; the increase in roughness corresponds to the number of autoclave cycles that the instruments were exposed to.

The identification technique utilizing conventional radiography is of much importance in forensic odontology for age and gender determination. Various radiographic images that can be used in forensic odontology are intraoral periapical radiographs, lateral oblique radiographs, cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, and advanced imaging techniques. Recently, digital radiographs have also gained importance in comparison between antemortem images recorded in dental offices and centers with postmortem radiographic images for individual identification. This along with the facility of internet has made dentomaxillofacial radiographs, a useful tool in forensic science. This article aims for the evolution in forensic radiology and to appraise their contribution in the field of forensic odontology.

Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of different staining solutions on the color stability of hybrid composites and nanohybrid composites. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten composite resin samples were made in disc shape and divided into two groups, comprising 55 samples each of hybrid composite samples and nanohybrid composite samples. Both the groups were further divided into experimental group of fifty samples and control group of five samples. Hybrid experimental group and nanohybrid experimental group were again divided into five subgroups according to immersion medium, namely coffee, tea, coke, turmeric, and red wine. Each subgroup was comprised of ten samples. Both the control group samples were immersed separately into distilled water. Solutions were changed daily. Color measurements were obtained using spectrophotometer on the 1^st, 7^th, and 30^th days. For statistical evaluation, analysis of variance and Tukey's tests were used at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Color change of materials in staining agents ranked in this increasing order: water < cola < tea < coffee < turmeric < red wine. Nanohybrid composite resin showed lesser perceptible color changes in comparison to hybrid composite. Conclusions: The tested hybrid composite resins were more susceptible to discoloration in comparison to nanohybrid composite resins.

After a century of controversies, we are still not certain on the relationship between airway dimensions and facial morphology. Objective: The objective of the study was to measure nasopharyngeal airway dimensions and compare it among different skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: Forty-five cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients between 16 and 25 years were used in the study. The nasopharyngeal airway was divided into upper, middle, and lower segments. CBCT images were grouped into skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III. Results: There is no statistically significant difference between all the three groups for mean height of the upper, middle, and lower pharyngeal airways (P = 0.303, 0.479, and 0.077, respectively). There is no statistically significant difference between all the three groups for mean width of the upper, middle, and lower pharyngeal airways indicated by P = 0.643, 0.791, and 0.99, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between all the three groups for mean breadth of the upper, middle, and lower pharyngeal airways (P = 0.939, 0.48, and 0.068, respectively). Furthermore, the mean total height of pharyngeal airway in Class I, Class II, and Class III groups indicates no statistically significant difference (P = 0.097). Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal airway dimensions seem to play no role in different skeletal patterns.

Background: Last decade has seen a surge of many innovative techniques aimed at decreasing the length of orthodontic treatment. In this study, the efficiency of canine retraction between piezocision and conventional retraction group has been evaluated and compared. Materials and Methods: A total of ten patients (above 18 years) with Class II division I malocclusion or bimaxillary protrusion which requires individual canine retraction after maxillary first premolar extractions were included in the study. Each patient's maxillary arch was divided into the right and left quadrants. Experimental and conventional sides were randomly allocated. The incisions were given through the periosteum using a piezosurgical knife on the experimental side. Bilaterally, in both the groups, canine retraction was initiated using elastic chain applying 120 g of force on both sides. Follow-up was done every 2 weeks for activation. Results: As compared to the conventional approach, piezocision is 1.5 times faster. Conclusion: Piezocision is an efficient technique that aids an orthodontist to accomplish speedy orthodontic tooth movement without other detriments of the substantially time-consuming and traumatic surgical approaches. Other advantages include decreased surgical procedural time and nominal postoperative discomfort to the patients.

Aim and objective: The aim and objective of present study are to prepare and characterize Pluronic F-127 coated colloidal silver nanoparticles and to evaluate its cytocompatibility and anti-microbial efficacy in comparison to 5.25% NaOCl. Materials and Methodology: The cytocompatibility was evaluated on L929 human fibroblast cell line by MTT assay at five different concentrations of Pluronic F-127 coated colloidal silver nanoparticles [0.01μg/mL; 0.1μg/mL; 1μg/mL; 10μg/mL; 100μg/mL] and antimicrobial activity was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method on Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) using 100μL Pluronic F-127 coated colloidal silver nanoparticles [as test solution], 100μL 5.25%NaOCl [as standard solution], 100μL water [as control]. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test (Graph Pad Prism, Version 6, Graph Pad Software Inc., La Jolla, USA). Results: The values with p < 0.05 were considered significant. MTT assay showed Pluronic F-127 coated colloidal silver nanoparticles are more cytocompatible on healthy fibroblast cells. In antimicrobial activity there is more significant difference among groups. Conclusion: Pluronic F-127 coated colloidal silver nanoparticles showed more zone of inhibition compared to NaOCl. Pluronic F-127 coated colloidal silver nanoparticles proved to be more cytocompatible and has highest antimicrobial activity compared to NaOCl.

Traumatized anterior teeth along with subgingival crown fractures are challenge to treat. Management of subgingival fractures includes exposing the cervical margin, above the gingiva followed by appropriate coronal restoration. The treatment modalities, which involve exposing the cervical margin, are surgical crown lengthening or by orthodontic extrusion. Orthodontic extrusion of subgingival fractured maxillary anterior tooth was done in this case report after endodontic treatment followed by esthetic rehabilitation which was yet conservative and cost – effective.

Periodontal surgical procedures could present challenges to the body's clotting mechanism. One such challenge is the uncontrolled hemorrhage that can lead to a life-threatening complication. This case report describes the case of a 20-year-old systemically healthy male patient who reported with an unusual condition of the formation of a “liver clot,” also known as “currant jelly clot,” after 6 days following a semilunar coronally repositioned flap for root coverage. The clot was removed, and the area was irrigated. The patient was recalled after 1 week, wherein the healing was uneventful with no other complication. Uncontrolled bleeding can delay wound healing and activate infection. The liver clot formed, was part of the secondary hemorrhage following 24 h, which interfered with the organization of the physiologic blood clot. Patients should be instructed to undergo blood investigations prior to surgical procedures and should be informed about the possible postsurgical complications that may occur.

The aim of this case report was to describe the efficacy of modified Whale's tail technique in the treatment of wide intrabony defect in the esthetic zone. A systemically healthy 42-year-old female reported with a complaint of spacing between her upper front teeth. Intraoral examination revealed a midline diastema with a deep periodontal pocket in relation to the maxillary left central incisor and a radiographic evidence of vertical bone loss. The modified Whale's tail technique was used, and alloplastic bone graft material was placed. After 6 months, there was a reduction in pocket depth and radiographic evidence of bone fill.

Introduction: Various prostheses have been tried for intermediate restoration of esthetics, function, and speech in cleft patients but are usually associated with frequent breakages and oral hygiene problems. Hence, this modified arch holding appliance was designed to simultaneously replace the missing anterior teeth and stabilize the transverse changes in the maxillary arch, so as to restore the form and esthetics. Fabrication: Pickup impression with the molar bands was recorded; casts were poured in type III dental stone. Palatal arch holding appliance was fabricated and soldered to the molar bands on the first molars. Stainless steel wires were soldered vertically over labial aspect of the arch holding appliance forming plus (+)-shaped attachment, at positions of missing teeth. Acrylic teeth matching the patient's teeth were selected and adapted over this plus attachment and acrylized. Conclusion: This appliance may provide dual benefits to cleft lip and palate patients by restoration of esthetics while maintaining the transverse changes. It is easy to fabricate, durable, economical, and esthetically acceptable to the patient.