Aim: To compare effect of different layering techniques on microleakage of nanofilled composites in class I restorations. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted maxillary premolar teeth were assigned to 2 different groups (Group 1 and 2) 20 teeth per group. A Class 1 cavity measuring 3mm´3mm´2mm was prepared in all the teeth. In group 1 and 2 teeth Clearfil TMSE Bond (Kurary Medical inc. Okayama, Japan) was applied. Group 1 teeth were filled with FiltekTM Z350 XT (nanocomposite) (3M ESPE, St Paul, USA) using oblique incremental technique and in Group 2 teeth were filled with FiltekTM Z350 XT (nanocomposite) (3M ESPE, St Paul, USA) using vertical incremental technique and each increment was cured for 30 seconds. Specimens were thermocycled for 1000 cycles (5/55°C,30 seconds) and immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. Following immersion teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope. Results were analysed using paired “t” test and Mann–Whitney test. Results and Conclusion: The difference between the oblique group and the vertical group was found to be statistically non significant (P value >0.05) but mean microleakage was more in vertical group compared to oblique group.

Aim: To compare and evaluate the sealing ability of light cure composite and light cure GIC as coronal sealing materials. Materials and Methods: 30 extracted human teeth were divided into three experimental groups of 10 teeth each. The teeth in group I are obturated without coronal seal, teeth in group II are obturated with light cure GIC (3M ESPE VITREMER) as coronal seal and teeth in group III are obturated with light cure composite(3M ESPE filtek z250) as coronal seal, after removing 2mm of coronal gutta percha. These teeth (crown portion) are then suspended in methylene blue, sealed and kept for 72 hours, to observe the amount of dye penetration. After 72 hours teeth were removed, washed under running water, dried and sectioned longitudinally, separating buccal and lingual halves. The linear extent of dye penetration was measured from cavosurface margin of the access cavity to the most apical extent of dye penetration point. The length from the cavosurface margin to the apex of the tooth was also measured and percentage linear micro leakage was estimated. Statistical Analysis: Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Post-Hoc Multiple comparison (Bonferroni). Results: In the present study specimens in group I showed the maximum percentage of linear microleakage of 31.51 percent. The specimens in group II showed the minimal amount of linear micro leakage of 6.49 percent. Conclusion: It can be concluded coronal seal reduces the micro leakage, and light cure GIC has better coronal sealing ability.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects induced by Hand Files, HyFlex CM, ProTaper Next (PTN), and One Shape during canal preparation. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single root canal were selected. Specimens were then divided into five groups with thirty specimens each. Group I: Specimens were prepared with hand instruments. Group II: Specimens were prepared with HyFlex CM rotary files (Coltene) using a crown-down technique according to the manufacturer's instructions. Group III: Specimens were prepared with PTN rotary files (Dentsply) using a crown-down technique according to the manufacturer's instructions. Group IV: Specimens were prepared with One Shape Single file rotary system (MicroMega) using a crown-down technique according to the manufacturer's instructions. Group V: Specimens were used as a control and left unprepared. All roots were cut horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. Sections were then viewed under stereomicroscope and dentinal defects were registered as “no defect,” “fracture,” and “other defects.” Statistical Analysis: Results of the study were subjected to Chi-square test. Results: Results were expressed as the number and percentage of defected, partially defected and roots with no defects in each groups. Conclusion: Hand files and One Shape file system caused less root defects compared to PTN and HyFlex file systems.

Background: The stability of dental implants (DIs) in in vivo tests can be determined using noninvasive resonance frequency analysis technique. A low-cost piezo-based sensor has been developed for this purpose which uses a readily available two-terminal piezo element, to which a metal substrate is adhesively glued for attaching the implant. Aim: The attainment of implant stability in dynamic tests using this sensor must be standardized in terms of the major antiresonance (AR) in the impedance phase responses using sensor-DI assembly. This will be used to predetermine the dimensions of the glued metal substrate in the sensor design. Materials and Methods: Multiple sensors with varying sensor dimensions were developed. Static and dynamic impedance studies were performed on these and corresponding sensor-implant assemblies. Static tests as well as in vitro tests with the sensor-implant assembly dipped in a standardized dental plaster mixture were performed in controlled laboratory conditions. Results: The probability of acceptance of the hypothesis has been checked using binomial distribution with a significance level of 5%. Statistically observed that for 95% of the cases where the DI becomes stable in dental plaster, both AR phase and AR frequency (ARF) return to their corresponding static values. Furthermore, for a piezo element, whose ARF is within 6–6.6 kHz, the sensor yields maximal phase when the length of the metallic strip is 2 cm. Conclusions: Experimental validation supports both claims. Hence, this work can be extended to in vivo DI stability determination and design aspects of the corresponding sensor.

The use of dental implants to replace missing and nonrestorable teeth has increased significantly in the past two decades. The health of peri-implant tissues plays an important role in the long-term success of dental implants. Soft tissue dehiscence around dental implants has frequently been reported which may lead to poor oral hygiene, plaque accumulation, inflamed gingiva, compromised esthetics, and further progression to peri-implantitis. The coverage of exposed implants is aimed to provide adequate keratinized tissue around dental implant. Complete coverage of mucosal defect around the dental implants is still a challenging prospect. This case report describes correction of soft tissue defect and building up of keratinized tissue in relation to implant in the maxillary right first premolar region with subepithelial connective tissue graft along with coronally advanced flap.

This study was conducted to analyze the changes in gingival health in patients treated with probiotic containing mouth rinse. Thirty volunteers between 20 and 35 years were randomly divided into two groups. While one group was given placebos, the other was given probiotic mouth rinse for 14 days. The volunteers were instructed to swish the mouth rinse for 60 s twice a day. Intergroup comparison of the plaque scores (baseline-14 days) showed there was statistically significant difference in the mean plaque scores between the placebos group (0.14) (P ≤ 0.05) and the test group (0.42) (P ≤ 0.05) and a statistically significant difference in the mean gingival scores from baseline-14 days between the placebos group (0.9) (P ≤ 0.05) and the test group (0.38) with (P ≤ 0.05). Despite the short period for which the probiotics mouthwash was used by the patients, substantial improvement in gingival health of patients was observed in the study.