2% and 3% concentration of petrol-ether and ether fractions in propylene glycol and 2% water soluble extract of the bark of Juglans regia were tried against developing plaque. All the preparations were applied twice a day on 20 subjects for 3 days. Results compared with three days old base line plaque score demonstrated maximum plaque inhibition (32.40% ) by 2% ether extract.

Aim: Adverse effects of varieties of culturally integrated form of tobacco on periodontium have been studied in recent era. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of duration of mishri on clinical attachment loss in people using mishri as dentifrice. Materials and Method: A total number 60 patients were divided into those using mishri for less than 5 years (Group 1), between 5-10 years (Group 2), more than 10 years (Group 3). Clinical parameters like Probing depth, Recession, Clinical attachment level were measured using Florida probe. It was observed that Group 1 patients had less attachment loss in comparison to Group 3. Whereas Group 3 patients had more clinical attachment loss than Group2 and Group 1. Conclusion: Thus it was noticed that the effect of duration of using Mishri was directly proportional to clinical attachment loss of periodontium.

Alveolar atrophy following tooth extraction remains a challenge for future prosthetic restorations. Immediate implant placement and postextraction alveolar bone grafting are two methods that are used to prevent significant postextraction bone loss. Grafting is one of the most common methods of socket preservation widely used to prevent the collapse of oral tissues following extraction so that an excellent esthetic prosthesis can be provided particularly in the anterior maxillary region. The present report describes the management of a maxillary tooth extraction socket using a socket preservation technique involving placement of an osteoconductive slowly resorbable grafting material & resorbable collagen membrane in the extraction socket also called as Bio-Col socket preservation technique followed by a provisional restoration to preserve the tissues & interdental papilla for the placement of future final ovate pontic anterior bridge to give the illusion of the tooth emerging from the gums. This technique resulted in a successful prevention of alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction & maintainence of tissue contour & density which provided a good tissue base for the fabrication of Ovate pontic giving excellent esthetic results.

The traditional orthodontic patient-base of adolescents has changed dramatically over the last 20 years. Adult patients now comprise a very large percentage of the orthodontic patient base. These patients bring with them unique challenges to the provision of aesthetic treatment. Gingival aesthetics, for a long time the exclusive concern of the periodontist, has now become one of the chief aesthetic challenges presented to the practicing orthodontist. This report illustrates the interdisciplinary approach in a patient requiring periodontic, orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment.

Background: Dens invaginatus is a developmental malformation, which concerns the non-typical arrangement of dental hard tissues. Conventional diagnostic aids like radiographs play an important role in assessment of complex root canal morphologies. These modalities, however, do not provide detailed information of the complexity as a result of their inherent limitations. This calls for use of more advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography, which can help the clinician in making a more accurate diagnosis. Report: Type III Dens invaginatus was detected in a 20 year old male patient corresponding to the maxillary lateral incisor and showing extensive periradicular radiolucency and a vestibular sinus. The radiographic and tomographic examination revealed 2 apices: one wide open in the distal part of the root and the other normally formed in the mesial. Treatment plan: Combined non-surgical and surgical endodontic therapy with MTA as a retrograde filling material was planned in this case. Outcome: At follow-up examination after 6 months, the tooth was asymptomatic and radiographically showed repair of the lesion.

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare in vitro the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots filled with Resilon and Gutta-percha. Methodology: Eighty extracted single canal teeth were selected and randomly assigned to five groups of sixteen teeth each. Teeth were sectioned using a diamond disc so as to obtain a root length of 14±1 mm. Roots were instrumented using .04 taper Profile rotary system to an apical size of 40 and obturated using .04 taper single cone (size 40) as follows: Group 1: Resilon .04 taper cone and Epiphany Self etching sealer, Group 2: .04 taper gutta-percha cone and AH Plus sealer ,Group 3: .04 taper gutta-percha cone and Roeko Seal Automix sealer, Group 4: .04 taper gutta-percha cone and Zinc oxide Eugenol sealer , Group 5: .04 taper gutta-percha cone without the use of a sealer. Following obturation, teeth were mounted in Poly Vinyl Chloride jigs using self cure acrylic resin such that 9mm of the root remained exposed. Fracture resistance testing was done using Instron testing machine using a vertical load applied perpendicular to the root surface. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA, Tukey HSD and Student's 't' test. Results: Very highly significant difference was observed between the groups (P=.001). Resilon with Epiphany group demonstrated highest mean fracture resistance value and gutta-percha without sealer displayed the least, comparative results were highly significant. Resilon compared to gutta-percha with Roeko Seal Automix (P=.037) and Zinc Oxide Eugenolsealers (P=.029) showed statistically significant difference. AH plus group showed significantly higher value compared to gutta-percha without sealer. Conclusions: Filling the root canals with Resilon increased the in vitro fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots compared to standard gutta-percha techniques. Adhesive sealers are more beneficial in increasing the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

Traumatic injuries to the tooth may lead to a dilemma in the treatment plan specially in teeth with fractured roots with displacement. The treatment plan for teeth with root fractured with displaced apical segment is to implement root canal therapy up to the fractured line leaving the apical segment untreated. Determining the working length of the coronal segment may be difficult by radiograph, so we tested the accuracy of three electronic apex locators (EALs) to locate the apical limit in teeth with simulated oblique root fractures. An oblique incomplete root fracture was simulated on 15 freshly extracted maxillary anterior teeth by means of a notch made on the vestibular root plane 8 mm from the anatomic apex. The EALs investigated were the ProPex (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Root ZX (J.Morita Co, Kyoto, Japan). Dentaport ZX ( J. Morita Co., Kyoto, Japan). The electronic measurements were compared with the real "working length." The accuracy obtained was of 86.6% (n _ 13) with Root ZX , 66.6% (n _ 10) with the ProPex, and 60% (n _ 09) with Dentaport ZX. When tolerances of 0.5-mm and 1.0-mm tolerance were, respectively, allowed. The analysis of variance (p _ 0.05) and chi-square test (0.5 mm/p _ 0.47 and 1.0 mm/p _ 0.63 tolerances) showed no statistical significant differences between the EALs at either tolerance level.

Background: The retrograde periodontal lesion is a very rare condition of endodontic origin with secondary periodontal involvement. The presence of a concomitant palato-radicular groove (PRG) on a maxillary lateral incisor is not a common developmental anomaly. We report on the successful treatment of this condition through endodontic and periodontal therapy. Methods: This case report describes a pulpal periodontal condition occurring on a left maxillary lateral incisor in a 30-year-old male, which was successfully treated by conventional endodontic therapy followed by periodontal treatment which included odontoplasty and apical flap surgery with bone grafting. Results: A 2-year follow-up, which included a radiographic evaluation and surgical re-entry, revealed excellent healing with complete bone fill around the involved defect and total resolution of the lesion. Conclusion: The basis of our successful treatment was an accurate and timely diagnosis and elimination of all inflammatory irritants and other contributory factors. It is important for all clinicians to be aware of the existence of this abnormality.

Anterior crown fractures are a common form of injury that mainly affects children and adolescents. In the pre-adhesive era fractured teeth needed to be restored either with pin-retained inlays or cast restorations that sacrificed healthy tooth structure. Achieving aesthetic requirements were also a challenge for the clinicians. The development of adhesive dentistry has allowed dentists to use the broken fragment to restore the fractured tooth. The acid etch adhesive technique may be used to restore function and esthetics of fractured anterior teeth. Reattachment of the fractured segment offers some advantages over composite restorations. The original enamel translucency is maintained, and the incisal edge will wear at the same rate as the adjacent teeth. Esthetic, biologic and restorative problems may occur as a result of the fracture extending subgingivally and impinging on the biologic width. The treatment options depend on the relationship of the fracture to the alveolar crest, degree of pulpal involvement, amount of eruption, apex formation and esthetic requirement of the patient. This article presents two clinical reports describing the treatment modalities of patients who sustained fractures of maxillary anterior teeth due to trauma.

The case describes a 3 months follow-up of the treatment of a maxillary canine with two roots. Clinical examination revealed a maxillary canine with a large carious lesion and an exaggerated response to cold thermal tests. Radiographic examination revealed a large distal carious lesion that appeared to invade the pulp chamber. The radiograph also revealed what appeared to be an extra root in this permanent maxillary canine.